"breken" meaning in Middle Dutch

See breken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Old Dutch *brecan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-. Etymology templates: {{root|dum|ine-pro|*bʰreg-}}, {{inh|dum|odt|*brecan}} Old Dutch *brecan, {{inh|dum|gmw-pro|*brekan}} Proto-West Germanic *brekan, {{inh|dum|gem-pro|*brekaną}} Proto-Germanic *brekaną, {{der|dum|ine-pro|*bʰreg-}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- Head templates: {{head|dum|verb|head=brēken|head2=}} brēken, {{dum-verb|head=brēken}} brēken Inflection templates: {{dum-conj-st|brēk|brak|brâk|gebroken|class=4}} Forms: brēken [canonical], strong [table-tags], brēken [infinitive], brēkens [genitive, infinitive], brēkene [dative, infinitive], brēke [first-person, present, singular], brac [first-person, past, singular], brēecs [present, second-person, singular], brēkes [present, second-person, singular], brâecs [past, second-person, singular], brâkes [past, second-person, singular], brēect [present, singular, third-person], brēket [present, singular, third-person], brac [past, singular, third-person], brēken [first-person, plural, present], brâken [first-person, past, plural], brēect [plural, present, second-person], brēket [plural, present, second-person], brâect [past, plural, second-person], brâket [past, plural, second-person], brēken [plural, present, third-person], brâken [past, plural, third-person], brâke [first-person, past, singular], brēke [present, singular, third-person], brâke [past, singular, third-person], brec [present, singular], brēec [present, singular], brēke [present, singular], brēect [plural, present], brēket [plural, present], brēkende [participle, present], gebroken [participle, past]
  1. to break, to break into pieces
    Sense id: en-breken-dum-verb-LjuuvkDZ Categories (other): Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 14 9 25 23 9 20
  2. to break, to be broken
    Sense id: en-breken-dum-verb-xHDxj4sn
  3. to destroy
    Sense id: en-breken-dum-verb-z~oZCw4l Categories (other): Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 14 9 25 23 9 20
  4. to break in
    Sense id: en-breken-dum-verb-WuJXT37V Categories (other): Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 14 9 25 23 9 20 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 19 8 19 29 8 18 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 19 8 20 28 8 18
  5. to end, to diminish, to weaken
    Sense id: en-breken-dum-verb-dP9bwB53
  6. to break, to overcome resistance, to subdue
    Sense id: en-breken-dum-verb-PgUFL7G0 Categories (other): Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 14 9 25 23 9 20
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: gebrēken, misbrēken, ontbrēken, tebrēken, verbrēken 
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gebrēken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "misbrēken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ontbrēken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tebrēken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "verbrēken"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "breken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: breken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: breken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "braeke"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: braeke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: braeke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰreg-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*brecan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *brecan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*brekan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brekan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*brekaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brekaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰreg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *brecan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "brēken",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēkens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēkene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brac",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēecs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēkes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâecs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâkes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēect",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brac",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēect",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâect",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brec",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēec",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēect",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēkende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gebroken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "brēken",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "brēken",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "brēken"
      },
      "expansion": "brēken",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "brēk",
        "2": "brak",
        "3": "brâk",
        "4": "gebroken",
        "class": "4"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 9 25 23 9 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to break, to break into pieces"
      ],
      "id": "en-breken-dum-verb-LjuuvkDZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "break",
          "break"
        ],
        [
          "piece",
          "piece"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to break, to be broken"
      ],
      "id": "en-breken-dum-verb-xHDxj4sn",
      "links": [
        [
          "break",
          "break"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 9 25 23 9 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to destroy"
      ],
      "id": "en-breken-dum-verb-z~oZCw4l",
      "links": [
        [
          "destroy",
          "destroy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 9 25 23 9 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 8 19 29 8 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 8 20 28 8 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to break in"
      ],
      "id": "en-breken-dum-verb-WuJXT37V",
      "links": [
        [
          "break in",
          "break in"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to end, to diminish, to weaken"
      ],
      "id": "en-breken-dum-verb-dP9bwB53",
      "links": [
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "diminish",
          "diminish"
        ],
        [
          "weaken",
          "weaken"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 9 25 23 9 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to break, to overcome resistance, to subdue"
      ],
      "id": "en-breken-dum-verb-PgUFL7G0",
      "links": [
        [
          "break",
          "break"
        ],
        [
          "overcome",
          "overcome"
        ],
        [
          "resistance",
          "resistance"
        ],
        [
          "subdue",
          "subdue"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "breken"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch class 4 strong verbs",
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreg-",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch verbs",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "gebrēken"
    },
    {
      "word": "misbrēken"
    },
    {
      "word": "ontbrēken"
    },
    {
      "word": "tebrēken"
    },
    {
      "word": "verbrēken"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "breken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: breken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: breken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "braeke"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: braeke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: braeke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰreg-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*brecan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *brecan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*brekan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brekan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*brekaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brekaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰreg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *brecan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "brēken",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēkens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēkene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brac",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēecs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēkes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâecs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâkes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēect",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brac",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēect",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâect",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brâke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brec",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēec",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēect",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēkende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gebroken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "brēken",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "brēken",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "brēken"
      },
      "expansion": "brēken",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "brēk",
        "2": "brak",
        "3": "brâk",
        "4": "gebroken",
        "class": "4"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to break, to break into pieces"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "break",
          "break"
        ],
        [
          "piece",
          "piece"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to break, to be broken"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "break",
          "break"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to destroy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "destroy",
          "destroy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to break in"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "break in",
          "break in"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to end, to diminish, to weaken"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "diminish",
          "diminish"
        ],
        [
          "weaken",
          "weaken"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to break, to overcome resistance, to subdue"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "break",
          "break"
        ],
        [
          "overcome",
          "overcome"
        ],
        [
          "resistance",
          "resistance"
        ],
        [
          "subdue",
          "subdue"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "breken"
}

Download raw JSONL data for breken meaning in Middle Dutch (5.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.